Mass is the key factor in determining the lifespan of a main sequence star, its size and its luminosity. The rate at which they do this and the amount of fuel available depends upon the mass of the star. They are all undergoing fusion of hydrogen into helium within their cores. Main sequence stars are characterised by the source of their energy. Our understanding of the processes involved and characteristics of this key group of stars has progressed in parallel with our understanding of nuclear physics. The Sun's relative longevity and stability have provided the conditions necessary for life to evolve here on Earth. The majority of stars in the galaxy, including our Sun, Sirius and Alpha Centauri A and B are all main sequence stars.
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